.
В дополнение к этому файлу имеет смысл скачать еще вот этот, с более широким списком процессов:
http://www.arlingtonarts.org/Ellipse%20 ... ROCESS.pdf
Объем небольшой, поэтому есть смысл привести весь текст:
Cyanotype : The technical name for an antiquated blueprint technique. As machine processes have replaced blueprints, the process has been adopted by artists for its creative capabilities. It is a simple process utilizing two chemicals that, when combined, become light sensitive. The sensitized paper is exposed to sunlight and processed in water, producing a variety of blue hues that can then be toned to produce a range of colors.
Digital Print : A computer process. An image, slide or negative is scanned into a computer by changing the tones and colors of the image into binary numbers that the computer can process. The image can then be printed as is or be manipulated by the artist. Digital prints may include combinations of several images.
Dye-Sublimation : A digital printing process. Dye-Sublimation, or Dye-Sub, printers use a transfer ribbon made of plastic film. Page-sized panels (8½ x 11) on the ribbon consist of cyan, magenta and yellow dye. A thermal print head, consisting of thousands of heating elements, capable of precise temperature variations, moves across the transfer ribbon. The Heating elements cause the color on the ribbon to vaporize and diffuse onto the surface of a specially coated paper. Precise temperature variations are responsible for varying densities of color. The hotter the heating element, the more dye is vaporized and diffused onto the paper’s surface.
Emulsion Transfer : A process in which the light-sensitive chemical and the vehicle it is suspended in are lifted off a paper backing and transferred to another surface. The shape of the emulsion can be manipulated in this transfer.
Frontier Print : A Frontier print is a machine process where a digital file is made from a scanned negative and light exposes Fuji color paper, and is processed using conventional Fuji papers and chemicals. Many “one hour” photo stores now use this process. Digital files can also be scanned at home or your digital camera card can be brought in and downloaded onto the Frontier Machine.
Gum Bichromate : A process using potassium or ammonium bichromate as the light-sensitive material suspended in gum arabic and mixed with pigment, which is coated on paper and allowed to dry. The paper is exposed under a negative and developed in water, which washes away the unexposed emulsion and leaves the image. Popular in the 19th century, this technique was later considered inferior because it produces an image that is low on contrast and has a short tonal range. Modern photographers often choose this process for the very qualities for which it was once criticized.
Ilfochrome Prints : Prints made by placing a transparency in an enlarger and exposing paper and using a chemical bath process. A process patented by Ilford.
Infrared : Photos taken with a special film which are sensitive to the infrared spectrum, which is not otherwise visible to the human eye. This process makes organic things appear bright and inorganic materials appear dark.
Inkjet Print from www.photography.com: Inkjet prints are creating digital prints from digital files. Until recently, manufacturers of inkjet printers had paid little attention to print life, but this has begun to change with more recent models. The use of six color ink sets led to smoother tones, but also tended to increase the rate of fading. There are also a number of third-party ink sets and papers which promise greater lifetimes than the standard materials.
Commercial inkjet printers — such as the 'Iris' — have a much better record, one reason why Iris used the term 'Iris gicleé' rather than inkjet as a description of their prints. They have a lifetime of about 30-40 years the image can be printed on high quality art paper and other materials that can be attached to a rotating drum.
Systems such as Cone Editions' PiezographyBW which uses long lifetime carbon inks for its unique black and white prints from Epson printers are also likely to evolve new names for the results.
Terms such as “Pigment Print” are considered archival inks, which last up to 80 years.
“Dye Inkjet” is a common home-use inkjet which is not archival, unless using Hewlett Packard inkjet archival inks.
Iris Print : Iris prints are digital prints created from electronic files utilizing the Iris 3047 printer. This printer outputs near continuous tone images with a resolution of 1840 dpi for images as large as 35” x 47”. The printer sprays cyan, magenta, yellow and black water-based ink through four nozzles at the rate of one million droplets of ink per second on nearly any type of fine art high quality paper or other material attached to a rotating drum. The droplets are sprayed in a precisely controlled manner to form different colored dots of varying sizes. Multiple droplets are overlaid to create continuous tone reproduction. When made properly, they offer exquisite image quality.
Lightjet Print : Lightjet prints are a digital file, printed on a RA4 color paper. (the most common color paper used in the chemical process)
Palladium Print : This process uses the salts of palladium as the light sensitive material. Popular from World War I (when it replaced platinum as the preferred medium) through the 1930’s, it is noted for its delicacy of grays and a tendency to give soft results.
Pictography : The Pictography print is developed by Fujifilm. It utilizes a “Laser Exposure — Thermal Development — Dye-Transfer Process," producing continuous gradation equal to that of a silver halide photographic print. Pictrography offers high-quality printing for photo-realistic prints from computer graphics, scanned images, and photo CDs.
Polaroid : A brand name for a type of film in which the developing chemicals are included in the same pack with the film. Created as a way to popularize photography, since the process is so quick and needs no darkroom, it has been adopted by artists for its spontaneity and flexibility. Certain types of Polaroid film can be pulled apart to create prints from the undeveloped negative (see Polaroid Transfers, below), and others can be manipulated with tools to draw on top of an image. Left unmanipulated, Polaroids often have a fresh, lyrical quality that “captures a moment in time.”
Polaroid Transfer : A process in which an image is taken with a Polaroid (“instant”) camera, then the print is separated from the negative and, while the negative is still wet, the dye is transferred onto paper or another surface.
The resulting one-of-a-kind print often looks old-fashioned, the colors muted and the surface more textured than that of traditional photography can produce. The finished product often functions like our memory of an image: strong in shape and mood, weak in detail.
Toning: Selenium : After printing, photographs can be toned with selenium as part of archival processing or as an aesthetic decision. Selenium produces a much richer black and helps increase permanence. In strong concentrations it produces a marked red-brown, almost purplish image.
Sepia : Sepia toning, like selenium toning, is done after printing. This process gives a print a brown-yellow “antique” quality.
Silver Gelatin Print : This is a darkroom process using chemicals and photo paper for printing black and white photographs. Gelatin is the vehicle used to support light sensitive silver bromide, iodide or chloride combined and coated on the base material (such as paper or glass).
Type C print : The most common color photography processing technique. Type C, or the chromogenic system, refers to one or two processes in which the colors are formed in three layers, either in a dye-injection or a dyeincorporated system. The dye-injected process involves separate development for each of the three film emulsion layers. Dye-incorporation is simpler, since the chemicals are included in each layer and can form dyes during the processing in all three layers at once.
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Загляните еще и вот сюда, History of Photographic Types:
http://www.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/resourc ... may99.html
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Валерий Лобко писал(а):
Picturing Modernity: The Photography Collection
http://www.sfmoma.org/exhibitions/exhib ... .asp?id=12
John Gutmann
Mobile, Alabama, 1925
Gelatin silver print
Gift of Donald Kay in memory of Judy Kay
© 1998 Center for Creative Photography, Arizona Board of Regents
SFMOMA's world-renowned photography collection includes pictures from the mid-1800s to the present that capture key moments in the development of the medium and reflect a wide range of practices. Beginning October 27 the installation focuses on the theme of portraiture. Works on view include daguerreotypes, Alfred Stieglitz's images of his wife Georgia O'Keeffe, and studio protraits by Seydou Keïta. Other highlights include Nicholas Nixon's The Brown Sisters — a remarkable series of 32 photographs of Nixon's wife and her three sisters taken annually since 1975 — and Rineke Dijkstra's video The Buzz Club.
This exhibition will be temporarily closed from September 10 through October 26, 2007.
Там, собственно, ссылка на Picturing Modernity (fully illustrated information sheet), замечательная маленькая энциклопедия фотографических процессов, включая несколько современных:
http://www.sfmoma.org/extras/documents/ ... _may07.pdf
http://www.sfmoma.org/exhibitions/exhib ... .asp?id=12
John Gutmann
Mobile, Alabama, 1925
Gelatin silver print
Gift of Donald Kay in memory of Judy Kay
© 1998 Center for Creative Photography, Arizona Board of Regents
SFMOMA's world-renowned photography collection includes pictures from the mid-1800s to the present that capture key moments in the development of the medium and reflect a wide range of practices. Beginning October 27 the installation focuses on the theme of portraiture. Works on view include daguerreotypes, Alfred Stieglitz's images of his wife Georgia O'Keeffe, and studio protraits by Seydou Keïta. Other highlights include Nicholas Nixon's The Brown Sisters — a remarkable series of 32 photographs of Nixon's wife and her three sisters taken annually since 1975 — and Rineke Dijkstra's video The Buzz Club.
This exhibition will be temporarily closed from September 10 through October 26, 2007.
Там, собственно, ссылка на Picturing Modernity (fully illustrated information sheet), замечательная маленькая энциклопедия фотографических процессов, включая несколько современных:
http://www.sfmoma.org/extras/documents/ ... _may07.pdf
В дополнение к этому файлу имеет смысл скачать еще вот этот, с более широким списком процессов:
http://www.arlingtonarts.org/Ellipse%20 ... ROCESS.pdf
Объем небольшой, поэтому есть смысл привести весь текст:
Cyanotype : The technical name for an antiquated blueprint technique. As machine processes have replaced blueprints, the process has been adopted by artists for its creative capabilities. It is a simple process utilizing two chemicals that, when combined, become light sensitive. The sensitized paper is exposed to sunlight and processed in water, producing a variety of blue hues that can then be toned to produce a range of colors.
Digital Print : A computer process. An image, slide or negative is scanned into a computer by changing the tones and colors of the image into binary numbers that the computer can process. The image can then be printed as is or be manipulated by the artist. Digital prints may include combinations of several images.
Dye-Sublimation : A digital printing process. Dye-Sublimation, or Dye-Sub, printers use a transfer ribbon made of plastic film. Page-sized panels (8½ x 11) on the ribbon consist of cyan, magenta and yellow dye. A thermal print head, consisting of thousands of heating elements, capable of precise temperature variations, moves across the transfer ribbon. The Heating elements cause the color on the ribbon to vaporize and diffuse onto the surface of a specially coated paper. Precise temperature variations are responsible for varying densities of color. The hotter the heating element, the more dye is vaporized and diffused onto the paper’s surface.
Emulsion Transfer : A process in which the light-sensitive chemical and the vehicle it is suspended in are lifted off a paper backing and transferred to another surface. The shape of the emulsion can be manipulated in this transfer.
Frontier Print : A Frontier print is a machine process where a digital file is made from a scanned negative and light exposes Fuji color paper, and is processed using conventional Fuji papers and chemicals. Many “one hour” photo stores now use this process. Digital files can also be scanned at home or your digital camera card can be brought in and downloaded onto the Frontier Machine.
Gum Bichromate : A process using potassium or ammonium bichromate as the light-sensitive material suspended in gum arabic and mixed with pigment, which is coated on paper and allowed to dry. The paper is exposed under a negative and developed in water, which washes away the unexposed emulsion and leaves the image. Popular in the 19th century, this technique was later considered inferior because it produces an image that is low on contrast and has a short tonal range. Modern photographers often choose this process for the very qualities for which it was once criticized.
Ilfochrome Prints : Prints made by placing a transparency in an enlarger and exposing paper and using a chemical bath process. A process patented by Ilford.
Infrared : Photos taken with a special film which are sensitive to the infrared spectrum, which is not otherwise visible to the human eye. This process makes organic things appear bright and inorganic materials appear dark.
Inkjet Print from www.photography.com: Inkjet prints are creating digital prints from digital files. Until recently, manufacturers of inkjet printers had paid little attention to print life, but this has begun to change with more recent models. The use of six color ink sets led to smoother tones, but also tended to increase the rate of fading. There are also a number of third-party ink sets and papers which promise greater lifetimes than the standard materials.
Commercial inkjet printers — such as the 'Iris' — have a much better record, one reason why Iris used the term 'Iris gicleé' rather than inkjet as a description of their prints. They have a lifetime of about 30-40 years the image can be printed on high quality art paper and other materials that can be attached to a rotating drum.
Systems such as Cone Editions' PiezographyBW which uses long lifetime carbon inks for its unique black and white prints from Epson printers are also likely to evolve new names for the results.
Terms such as “Pigment Print” are considered archival inks, which last up to 80 years.
“Dye Inkjet” is a common home-use inkjet which is not archival, unless using Hewlett Packard inkjet archival inks.
Iris Print : Iris prints are digital prints created from electronic files utilizing the Iris 3047 printer. This printer outputs near continuous tone images with a resolution of 1840 dpi for images as large as 35” x 47”. The printer sprays cyan, magenta, yellow and black water-based ink through four nozzles at the rate of one million droplets of ink per second on nearly any type of fine art high quality paper or other material attached to a rotating drum. The droplets are sprayed in a precisely controlled manner to form different colored dots of varying sizes. Multiple droplets are overlaid to create continuous tone reproduction. When made properly, they offer exquisite image quality.
Lightjet Print : Lightjet prints are a digital file, printed on a RA4 color paper. (the most common color paper used in the chemical process)
Palladium Print : This process uses the salts of palladium as the light sensitive material. Popular from World War I (when it replaced platinum as the preferred medium) through the 1930’s, it is noted for its delicacy of grays and a tendency to give soft results.
Pictography : The Pictography print is developed by Fujifilm. It utilizes a “Laser Exposure — Thermal Development — Dye-Transfer Process," producing continuous gradation equal to that of a silver halide photographic print. Pictrography offers high-quality printing for photo-realistic prints from computer graphics, scanned images, and photo CDs.
Polaroid : A brand name for a type of film in which the developing chemicals are included in the same pack with the film. Created as a way to popularize photography, since the process is so quick and needs no darkroom, it has been adopted by artists for its spontaneity and flexibility. Certain types of Polaroid film can be pulled apart to create prints from the undeveloped negative (see Polaroid Transfers, below), and others can be manipulated with tools to draw on top of an image. Left unmanipulated, Polaroids often have a fresh, lyrical quality that “captures a moment in time.”
Polaroid Transfer : A process in which an image is taken with a Polaroid (“instant”) camera, then the print is separated from the negative and, while the negative is still wet, the dye is transferred onto paper or another surface.
The resulting one-of-a-kind print often looks old-fashioned, the colors muted and the surface more textured than that of traditional photography can produce. The finished product often functions like our memory of an image: strong in shape and mood, weak in detail.
Toning: Selenium : After printing, photographs can be toned with selenium as part of archival processing or as an aesthetic decision. Selenium produces a much richer black and helps increase permanence. In strong concentrations it produces a marked red-brown, almost purplish image.
Sepia : Sepia toning, like selenium toning, is done after printing. This process gives a print a brown-yellow “antique” quality.
Silver Gelatin Print : This is a darkroom process using chemicals and photo paper for printing black and white photographs. Gelatin is the vehicle used to support light sensitive silver bromide, iodide or chloride combined and coated on the base material (such as paper or glass).
Type C print : The most common color photography processing technique. Type C, or the chromogenic system, refers to one or two processes in which the colors are formed in three layers, either in a dye-injection or a dyeincorporated system. The dye-injected process involves separate development for each of the three film emulsion layers. Dye-incorporation is simpler, since the chemicals are included in each layer and can form dyes during the processing in all three layers at once.
.
Загляните еще и вот сюда, History of Photographic Types:
http://www.lib.iastate.edu/spcl/resourc ... may99.html
.
Последний раз редактировалось Валерий Лобко 08 сен, 07 16:50, всего редактировалось 1 раз.
у Колесникова занятия проходят в среду субботу с 9-12 потом с 15-18 и с 18-21. Еще у Матусевича многие изъявили печататься.
